Integrated Management of Hazardous chemicals and waste Management
Integrated Management of Hazardous chemicals and waste Management
REMIP Successes story with JICA
Sustainable Development:
Sustainable development is a concept that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves achieving a balance between economic growth, social development, and environmental protection. The goal is to create a sustainable and equitable society where people can thrive while minimizing negative impacts on the environment.
Three Dimensions for Sustainable Development:
• Economic Dimension: The economic dimension of sustainable development focuses on promoting economic growth, productivity, and prosperity in a way that is sustainable over the long term. It involves ensuring equitable access to economic opportunities, promoting fair trade practices, and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.
• Social Dimension: The social dimension of sustainable development emphasizes the well-being, equity, and social inclusiveness of communities and individuals. It involves promoting social justice, eradicating poverty, ensuring access to essential services such as education and healthcare, and fostering social cohesion. Sustainable development recognizes that social progress is interconnected with economic and environmental considerations, and aims to enhance the quality of life for all while addressing social inequalities and vulnerabilities.
• Environmental Dimension: The environmental dimension of sustainable development focuses on preserving and enhancing the integrity of ecosystems and natural resources. It involves promoting sustainable resource management, conserving biodiversity, mitigating and adapting to climate change, reducing pollution, and ensuring water, land, and energy use. Environmental sustainability recognizes the interdependence between human activities and the natural environment, seeking to minimize negative impacts and maintain.
Hazardous materials Definition:
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT): “Substances that may pose a risk to population, property, safety, or the environment because of their chemical or physical properties or the reactions they may cause.”
Dual-use chemicals: Chemicals used in industry or daily life that can also be used in bad ways.
Classification of hazardous materials: The European Union system – the United Nations. Global Harmonization System GHS.
Hazard classification of hazardous materials:
• Self-hazardous: explosive materials, flammable materials, oxidizing materials, radioactive materials.
• Health risks: toxic substances, irritating substances, corrosive substances, substances affecting reproductive function, substances affecting nervous functions, carcinogenic substances
• Environmental Hazard: It refers to the danger that liquid, solid and gaseous chemical residues can pose to the elements of the general environment (soil, water, plant and animal cover) and to the atmosphere.
Hazardous Waste Definition:
Hazardous waste is simply the waste and products of various activities (industrial – agricultural – medical) that have characteristics that make them dangerous and have harmful effects on human health and the environment.
WASTE MANAGEMENT HEIRARCHY:
• Reduce- Reuse – Recycling – Recovery
Environmental Pollution:
Different types of pollution include:
• Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases, particulate matter, and other pollutants into the atmosphere, leading to poor air quality. Common sources include vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, and burning of fossil fuels. Air pollution can cause respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and environmental damage.
• Water Pollution: The contamination of water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, by pollutants such as chemicals, sewage, oil spills, and agricultural runoff. Water pollution can harm aquatic life, contaminate drinking water sources, and disrupt ecosystems.
• Soil Pollution: The introduction of pollutants into the soil, often through improper waste disposal, use of pesticides and fertilizers, or industrial activities. Soil pollution can lead to reduced soil fertility, contamination of crops, and negative impacts on organisms in the soil.
• Noise Pollution: The excessive or disturbing noise that can have detrimental effects on human health and well-being. Common sources include traffic, construction sites, and industrial activities. Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can cause hearing loss, stress, and sleep disturbances.
• climate change, and various health problems, including respiratory diseases, cancers, and neurological disorders.
Example for some pollutants:
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): POPs are toxic chemicals that are resistant to environmental degradation. Examples include certain pesticides (e.g., DDT), industrial chemicals (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls or PCBs), and unintentional byproducts of industrial processes (e.g., dioxins and furans). POPs can bioaccumulate in the food chain, posing risks to human health and ecosystems. They are associated with various adverse effects, including cancer, reproductive disorders, and immune system impairment.
• E-waste: Refers to any electronic or electrical equipment that is no longer wanted or usable. E-waste can contain hazardous substances, such as heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium) and chemicals (brominated flame retardants), which can pose risks to human health and the environment if not managed properly.
• Plastic Pollution: Plastic pollution refers to the presence of plastic materials in the natural environment, such as oceans, rivers, lakes, soil, and even the air. It includes plastic waste that is discarded or littered, as well as microplastics, which are tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size.
• Mercury: Mercury is a highly toxic metal that can be found in various forms, including liquid, vapor, and organic compounds. It is commonly used in thermometers, fluorescent light bulbs, and some industrial processes. Mercury can cause neurological and developmental disorders, particularly in children and fetuses.
Stockholm Convention for persistent Organic Pollutants
Successes Story: Regional Environmental Management Improvement REMIP
• Integrated Management of PCBs
